Generation of tsunamis by a slowly spreading uplift of the sea floor     

Maria I. Todorovska  Mihailo D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(2)

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Analysis and interpretation of the October 21, 1766 earthquake in the Southeastern Caribbean     

Antoine Mocquet 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(4):381-403

The October 21, 1766 earthquake is the most widely felt event in the seismic history of Trinidad and Venezuela. Previous works diverged on the interpretation of the historical data available for this event. They associated the earthquake either with the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, with strike-slip motion along El Pilar fault, or with intraplate deformation at the edge of Guyana shield. Isoseismal areas are proposed after a new search and analysis of primary and secondary sources of historical information. Two of the largest earthquakes of the twentieth century which occurred in the region, the 1968 (M _S 6.4, h = 103 km), and the 1997 (M _W 6.9, h = 25 km) events, for which both intensity data and instrumentally determined source parameters are available, are used to calibrate the isoseismal areas and to interpret them in terms of source depth and magnitude. It is concluded that the large extent of intensity values higher than V is diagnostic of the depth (85 ± 20 km) of the 1766 source, and of local amplifications of ground motion due to soft soil conditions and to strong contrasts of impedance at the edge of Guyana shield. It is proposed that the event occurred either in slab, or close to the bottom lithospheric interface between the Caribbean and South American plates (∼11°N; ∼62.5°W). The value of the magnitude is estimated at 6.5 < M _S < 7.5 depending on the source depth and on the decay of ground motion as a function of distance. Deep and intermediate depth earthquakes can induce important casualties in Trinidad, Venezuela, and Guyana, possibly more damaging than those induced by shallower earthquakes along the strike of El Pilar Fault.  相似文献   

NOAA IMS雪冰产品在青藏高原积雪监测中的适用性分析     

除多  扎西顿珠  次丹玉珍 《冰川冻土》2021,43(6):1659-1672

在系统评估青藏高原积雪观测典型气象站历史定位坐标精度基础上,利用站点雪深资料对NOAA IMS 4 km和1 km分辨率雪冰产品在青藏高原的精度和适用性进行了验证和评估,定量分析了IMS 4 km到1 km空间分辨率提高和气象站历史定位与GPS定位坐标之间的差异对青藏高原IMS积雪监测精度的影响。结果表明：青藏高原个别气象站历史坐标与当前GPS接收机定位之间存在较大的差异,如安多气象站经度偏小0.6°,纬度偏大0.08°。IMS 4 km雪冰产品在青藏高原的总精度介于76.4%~83.2%,平均为80.1%,积雪分类精度介于35.8%~60.7%,平均为47.2%,平均误判率为17.1%,平均漏判率为45.5%,总体上呈现地面观测的积雪日数越多、平均雪深越大,其总体监测精度越低,而积雪分类精度越高的特点。IMS分辨率从4 km到1 km总体精度平均提高了2.9%,积雪分类精度平均提高了0.9%,主要是由于个别站点的精度提升较大引起的,对高原多数台站积雪监测精度的改进和提升很小。除个别台站外,目前气象站历史坐标和GPS定位坐标之间的差异,对IMS 4 km积雪监测精度验证结果没有影响。然而,今后随着卫星遥感技术的发展,更高时空分辨率的遥感积雪产品将用于积雪监测和研究,精确的地面观测站坐标信息是对这些遥感数据开展精度验证与实际应用的前提。  相似文献   

DISCONTINUOUS FLOW OF TURBID DENSITY CURRENTS Ⅱ. INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMP     

Jiahua FAN 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(2)

Traveling and stationary internal hydraulic jumps in density currents with positive or negative entrainment coefficients were analyzed based on simple assumptions. An expression of internal hydraulic jumps with entrainment coefficients was derived. Experimental data, published in literature, of stationary internal hydraulic jumps in turbid, thermal and saline density currents including measured values of water entrainment were used to compare with theory. Comparison was also made of traveling internal hydraulic jumps between measured data and theory.  相似文献   

全景深度图像精度分析及优化方法研究     

刘如飞  柴永宁  朱健  俞家勇 《测绘科学》2021,46(1):170-176

针对三维激光点云数据生成360°全景深度图像存在像素分辨率不均匀的问题,提出一种顾及目标量测精度及可见度的全景深度图像生成方法,在保证全景影像表达地物的完整性的前提下提高其数据的存取精度。通过坐标转换和投影变换生成与全景影像匹配的全景深度图像;基于摄影成像原理分析摄影中心高度、深度值和像素分辨率之间的关系,得到不同深度处目标分辨率随摄影中心升高趋于一致的结论;综合分析地面目标分辨率和杆状目标尤其是树冠对树干的遮挡问题,确定特定场景下生成全景深度图像的最佳摄影中心位置并重新生成深度图像。实验分析表明,该方法能够在保证杆目标可见度的前提下提高地面目标量测精度。  相似文献   

利用功率谱直接求埋深的影响因素     

戴伟铭 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,(Z1)

功率谱方法在磁数据处理方面的应用比较广泛。采用近似公式直接求出地质体的上下底埋深。在此近似方法中,会出现一些影响结果的因素。主要对地质体的水平尺寸和厚度的影响做了一些研究,并得出相应的结论。  相似文献   

"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的适用性及其对深部找矿的意义   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

王登红  唐菊兴  应立娟  陈郑辉  许建祥  张家菁  李水如  曾载淋 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(4):733-738

在我国地质工作者通过长期实践总结出来的"五层楼"找矿模式的基础上,根据近年来深部找矿的新进展,重点探讨了"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的适用性."五层楼+地下室"作为找矿模型不但适合于赣南-粤北地区,也适用于赣中的徐山矿区,在南岭外围的其他矿区如广西的大明山地区和云南的老君山地区也有适用性;除了石英脉型钨矿之外,"五层楼+地下室"模型也适用于钨矿之外的其他矿种,如广西大厂的锡多金属矿区;对于其他类型的矿种和矿床类型,如火山岩型块状硫化物矿床,在某种程度上也不妨理解为倒转的"五层楼+地下室".当然,"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的运用也是有条件的,需要结合具体矿区的具体成矿地质条件来综合把握,灵活运用.  相似文献   

地铁隧道盾构施工引起的工程性地面沉降研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨天亮  严学新  王寒梅  詹龙喜 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

基于上海地区地铁隧道盾构施工引发的工程性地面沉降机理分析,采用数值分析和数学拟合方法,对盾构埋深、地层损失率、盾构半径和穿越土层性质等因素与地面沉降影响范围和最大沉降量之间的基本规律分别进行了深入的分析研究,给出了它们之间各自的定量关系式,并在盾构施工实例中进行了分析和验证。  相似文献   

云南玉溪抗旱找水定井典型实例分析     

程秀明  林海  姜春永  赵玉祥  宋希利  罗斐 《山东地质》2010,(9):27-30

西南大旱百年不遇,山东找水专家组紧急驰援云南抗旱。通过对云南抗旱找水成功定井实例的分析,总结了高原岩溶水和＂红层＂基岩裂隙水的找水勘察工作,并联系云南、四川、山东等贫水区找水定井实践,阐述了贫水区找水定井思路与方法。  相似文献   

Perched lobe formation in the Gulf of Cadiz: Interactions between gravity processes and contour currents (Algarve Margin, Southern Portugal)     

E. Marchès  T. Mulder  M. Cremer  T. Garlan 《Sedimentary Geology》2010,229(3):81-94

The Gulf of Cadiz is swept by the strong saline Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). On the Algarve Margin (South Portugal), this current has constructed fine-grained contourite drifts. This margin is dissected by the Portimao Canyon and three short channels that only incise the upper slope, and are absent on a terrace located at mid-slope depths along the Algarve Margin. High-resolution seismic profiles and sediment cores highlight the original architecture of the sedimentary deposits on this terrace. Coarse-grained lenticular chaotic bodies formed during major relative sea-level lowstands are intercalated within the drift. The lobate shape and sandy nature of the lenticular chaotic bodies and their location at the mouths of the three short channels suggest they are gravity-generated deposits that are perched on the middle continental slope.In the Gulf of Cadiz, the interaction between contour current and gravity processes is strongly controlled by climatic variations and relative sea-level changes during the late Quaternary. During cold periods when sea-level was low, erosion intensified on the continental shelf and the deepest part of MOW was active. Sediment was transported downslope through the channels and deposited on sedimentary lobes perched on the mid-slope terrace. During warm periods when relative sea-level was high, the supply of sediment from the shelf was shut off and the shallowest part of MOW was more active. Contourite drifts fill the channels and bury the sandy lobes.  相似文献